Pregnancy and Pediatric Herbalism

Today we will talk about what herbs can be taken by women who are pregnant, breastfeeding, or children over age 2.

IMPORTANT: While there are herbs that are safe to be taken at these stages of life it doesn't mean you should not first consult YOUR doctor. Depending on the situation your doctor might advise against it and it is critically important that you talk to your doctor first before taking or using any herbs, supplements, or pharmaceuticals not already prescribed to you. Failing to do so could easily cause complications, mild or even severe that could very well be life threatening.

Do NOT give any child under the age of two any sort of herb or supplement.

There is still on going debate on whether or not a pregnant woman or even a child should take herbs for medicinal purposes. It's important to look into and do your own research as well as asking your doctor.

Let's start with herbs that absolutely should NOT be taken if you are pregnant or breast feeding:

• Chiretta (Andrographis paniculata)
• Neem (Azadirachta indica)
• Goldenseal (Hydrastis canadensis)
• Lobelia (Lobelia inflata)
• Butterbur (Petasites hybridus)
• Pau d'arco (Tabebuia impetiginosa)
• Coltsfoot (Tussilago farafara)
• Eucalyptus (Eucalyptus spp.)
• Thuja (Thuja occidentalis)
• Sage (Salvia officinalis)
• Saw Palmetto
• Dong Quai
• Ephedra
• Yohimbe
• Passion Flower
• Black Cohosh
• Blue Cohosh
• Roman Chamomile
• Pennyroyal

Essential oils and herbs that have very strong amounts of essential oils should NOT be taken

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Here are some herbs that CAN be used when pregnant:

• Red Raspberry Leaf
• Peppermint Leaf
• Gingerroot
• Slippery Elm
• Oats and Oat Straw

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The herbs that CAN be used by children are listed below, as well as the best way to prepare them and their dosages per age :

Dosage:
From 2-6 years→ give 1/3 of smallest adult dosage
From 7-11 years→ give 1/2 of smallest adult dosage
From 12-16 years→ give smallest adult dosage 

→ Garlic (Allium sativum) - Localized Area, or taken as a capsule
→ Marshmallow (Althea officinalis) - Tea or Tincture
→ Caraway (Carum carvi) - Tea, Tincture, or Capsule
→ Chamomile (Chamomilla  recutita) - Tea, Tincture, or Capsule
→ Echinacea (Echinacea spp.) - Tincture or Capsule
→ Cinnamon (Cinnamonum verum) - Tea, Tincture, or Capsule
→ Eyebright (Euphrasia officinalis) - Tea, Tincture, or Capsule
→ Meadowsweet (Filipendula ulmaria) - Tea
→ Sea Buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) - Syrup
→ Plantain (Plantago spp.) - Tea, Tincture, or Capsule
→ Blackcurrant (Ribes nigra) - Juice or Syrup
→ Yellow Dock (Rumex crispus) - Tincture or Decoction
→ Elderflower/berry (Sambucus nigra) - Tea, Tincture, or Capsule
→  Thyme (Thymus vulgaris) - Tea, Tincture, or Capsule
→ Linden Flower (Tilia spp.) - Tea
→ Red Clover (Trifolium pratense) - Tincture, Infusion, or Capsule
→ Slippery Elm (Ulmus fulva) - Tea or Capsule
→ Nettle (Urtica dioica) - Tea, Tincture, or Capsule 
 
*You can replace the vodka in the tincture with Apple Cider Vinegar if you make them yourself.


Just remember to always check with your doctor or your child's doctor before using any medicinal herbs for any reason, especially if you or your child have any health concerns.

Herbal medicine is not for everyone.

Stay safe!

~Lindsey Shemwell (The Budding Botanist) 

 

Herbal First Aid Kit

There is a trend all over the internet now of people creating there own Herbal First Aid Kits. They have gotten so popular now that they are even selling online.

Now that you know about dosages, side effects, and what herbs help heal what and how to prepare them it is time to create your own Herbal First Aid Kit!

Now we need to decide what would you commonly prepare for in any other first aid kit?

• Minor Cuts and Scrapes
• Minor Bleeding and Bruises
• Minor Burns
• Bug Bites
• Rashes & Dermatitis
• Upset Stomach &Nausea
• Diarrhea
• Muscle Aches & Pain
• Sore Throat, Colds, Flu, or Upper Respiratory Problems
• Insomnia or Restlessness
• Headaches & Migraines
• Earache
• Seasonal Allergies

Now that we know the problems we'd like to address in our first aid kit, let's get to the herbs we can use: (* Means it is safe to be taken by children, however dosage must be changed accordingly)

Calendula - In a  Salve, Cream, or Lotion, Calendula is fantastic for cuts scrapes and minor wounds, it speeds healing and eases pain.

Aloe vera - Aloe is the best thing for minor burns and skin abrasions, it also has the least likely chance to cause allergic dermatitis. It can be used interchangeably with Calendula for Burns, sunburn, and skin problems

Comfrey - In a Salve form, Comfrey is very good for clearing up bruises and minor injuries.

*Witch Hazel - Can help soothe itchy skin due to bug bites or dermatitis.

*Ginger - For upset stomach and Nausea. Ginger has long been used for it's abilities to help ease nausea from various kinds of sicknesses, Motion or Morning, and is always a great addition. I carry Ginger around with me constantly and take it 30 min before I get in a car, boat, plane, or any moving vehicle.

*Plantain - Wild Plantain can be chewed and spit out onto a minor would, bee sting, or bug bite to help ease pain and allow healing (Of course you may want to use water and wash the leaves first.) On top of that it is also great for helping to ease diarrhea when taken internally.

Senna - Senna in capsulated form is a great laxative when constipated.

Willow Bark - With it's asprin-like qualities Willow Bark is great for any kind of joint pain or stiffness. However if someone in your family is allergic to Acetaminophen I would recommend Devil's Claw or Boswellia.

Prickly Ash - Is a great herb that helps with Muscle and Back pain, as well as Restless legs.

*Lavender - Not only does it smell amazing, but can be applied directly to the forehead or temple in Essential Oil form to help ease Migraines and Headaches. It is also an excellent bug repellant as bugs hate the scent and it can repel mosquitoes and other biting or stinging insects.

*Elderflower (and Berry) - Fantastic to keep around as it can help clear up earache, as well as give the immune system a much needed boost during cold and flu season and helps with allergies.

*Echinacea - Many studies have been conducted on the wonders of Echinacea and some studies suggest what we've believed for awhile that it can actually help prevent a cold when taken at the proper dosage regularly.

Eucalyptus - Used in small amounts it can help clear passageways, however you must be careful not to over-apply it and to never take it internally as it can be dangerous

*Thyme- This common kitchen herb is also a fantastic medicine and a must have as it has been known to help clear up and prevent infection. It can also help with chest congestion

Valerian - A naturally mild sedative which can be very useful for restlessness and anxiety as it slows you down and helps calm you.


These are the preparations, ingredients, and supplies that should be in your kit:

Balm, Salve, or Ointment - With borax as a preservative to lengthen the shelf life so you can use it when needed.

Tinctures - Made with both Vodka & Apple Cider Vinegar to be taken by children or people who prefer non-alcoholic

Ingredients for Syrups - Syrups do not last long, so having all of the ingredients for the syrup such as honey & a tincture in your arsenal are good for whipping up a syrup for that cold or cough.

Capsules - I recommend capsules for herbs like Ginger or Echinacea as it will be most effective in this form.

Dried Herbs for Various Preparations - You never know what you'll end up needing to make, you can steam a poultice, or make a compress with dried herbs on hand.

Oil - Having Essential Oil or Infused Oil on hand can be great for skin problems, such as burns, bug bites or stings, or minor abrasions.

Elixir - If you have children who aren't taking well to the tincture (Even with the Apple Cider Vinegar) you may need an Elixir of the same herb on hand, as the Elixir is sweet and easier to take.

Honey - As well as having it ready for syrup and elixir, honey can also be applied directly to a skin problem such as a sting, bite, burn, or abrasion and has been known to help heal these skin problems. I strongly recommend getting local honey made from local bee farmers if you can as it can help relieve season allergies if taken once a day.

Band-aids - It's always good to have, especially to keep a poultice on the skin.

Sterile Gauze - Preferably in long tape-like strips for wrapping wounds and holding on poultices and to be used as a compress if needed.

Non-Stick Pads -  Get the largest size as they can be cut down to the size you need, these are amazing as they don't stick to the wound like gauze and are still absorbent. They are virtually painless to remove when replacing.

Surgical Tape - To hold on gauze or non-stick pads.

Small Scissors - To cut gauze, non-stick pads, tape, or anything really.

Shot glass or Medicine Cup - With measurements on the side for taking syrups, tinctures, or measuring for dosages.

Tweezers - To remove debris and splinters, also good if you need to apply sterile gauze or band aids and your hands are not clean.

Rubbing Alcohol & Hydrogen Peroxide - Your typical first aid kit. While not necessarily herbal or all natural, still infinitely useful for disinfecting equipment and skin before applying poultice or compresses. The peroxide can be used to help clean the wound quickly before applying a salve or ointment.

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A few other herbs I didn't mention are:

Peppermint - This herb is good for clearing up coughs, sore throat and congestion as well as helping digestion too.

Cayenne Pepper - This pepper is very hot however it's extract and oil can help ease joint pain and it is believed it can help stop heart attacks if taken internally in small increments. It's overall a pretty good herb to take daily, just not too much as it can cause indigestion and intestinal upset when the dosage is too high.

Garlic - Garlic is not just a food it is a tremendously wonderful herb as it is naturally antifungal, antibiotic, and it helps counter cough and respiratory infections. It also lowers cholesterol and is a natural blood thinner. It can be eaten as a clove a day, or taken as a capsule. The raw clove can be put into food or eaten straight. It can also be used topically to help various infections.

Chamomile - Not only can it be used to help you get to sleep and calm anxiety, but it can also be used as a wash (a tea used topically) to help conjunctivitis and other forms of skin problems.


There we are, you're on your way to your very own Herbal First Aid Kit!

~Lindsey Shemwell (The Budding Botanist)

Herbs in Your Backyard

The very first thing I always do when I move or visit a new place is I immediately start identifying the various plants in the area. Many herbs can be growing in your backyard. However identification can be tricky and you need to make sure you know what you are looking for and at before using it for herbal medicine.

Here are some herbs found commonly in the United States that may be found in your backyard:

Plantain - Can be found during the summer in many parts of the U.S

Image from The Tortoise Table

Yarrow - Can be found in most temperate zones.

Image from wildeherb.com

Blackberry - Also called Bramble. Grows wildly in the South Eastern United States.

Image by Edible Landscaping

Blueberry - Also called Bilberry.

Image by Cabinorganic

Raspberry - While it resembles the blackberry there are a few differences that set the two apart.

Image by Cassingram.com

Echinacea - Native to North America it can be found all over and has been used for years by Native Americans.

Image by Eleanor Saulys

Goldenseal - If you do happen to find Goldenseal in your backyard it is strongly advised not to pick it as it is critically endangered in the wild.

Image by onlyfoods.net

American Ginseng - Can be found in North America, with the same effects as Asian Ginseng.

Image by herbs.org

Wild Carrot, or Queen Anne's Lace - Originally introduced from Europe, can now be found all over North America in ditches, dry fields, and open areas. WARNING: This looks very close to hemlock, a very poisonous plant, not advisable to pick with out absolute identification.

Image by flowersociety.org

Black Cohosh - Native to Eastern North America.

Image by Healing Natural Oils LLC

Dandelion - Found all over, an invasive weed and herb often used to aid digestion and promote a healthy liver.

Image by science.halleyhosting.com

St. John's Wort - Can be found from Minnesota to Central Texas

Image by loghouseplants.com

Slippery Elm - Primarily found in the northern more eastern part of North America.

Image by diverticulitisinfo.com

Milk Thistle- Can be found in fields across North America.

Image by herbalextractsplus.com

Make sure that you identify all herbs exactly before harvesting and check around to make sure these herbs aren't protected in your area as the case with Goldenseal some herbs can land you a hefty fine if picked from the wild.

Be safe and double check to make sure you are not picking up something poisonous!

~Lindsey Shemwell (The Budding Botanist)

Common Illnesses, Ailments, and Their Herbal Treatments

After running through the dosage, side effects, and drug interactions we can finally get to the actual treating of illness and ailment with herbal medicine.

This can be very tricky, and something extremely important to know is that you should NEVER self diagnose. For minor problems such as nausea or itchy skin, that don't appear to be linked to any more serious health issue, it shouldn't be a problem. However if you believe you might have something severe like diabetes, heart disease, or cancer, it is of the utmost importance you go to your doctor first, and do NOT try to treat the possibly severe disease or illness yourself.

If you have already been diagnosed with a disease or ailment then talk to your doctor before using any herbal treatments to see if it will interact with any medications or the illness itself. If you are taking it for that particular illness, then make sure your doctor has approved, they may have you only take it under their supervision.

Always tell your doctor if you start taking any kind of supplement, as it may react negatively with any treatment you are currently going through or could go through in the future.

Now that that's out of the way. I have created a page to help you with the common ailments and illnesses as well as their herbal treatments.
← Check it out to the left.

Herbalism has been used long before modern medicine for a multitude of different illnesses and is still used to this day to treat many different problems.

The more common ones such as Cranberry for UTIs, Witch Hazel for skin problems, and Willow Bark for arthritis have been told over and over again.

While many of these are effective, still many more have either been proven ineffective for what they are said to treat or have no research to back up they have any effect for treating that illness.

Ginkgo for example was rather recently shown to have absolutely no effect for treating Alzheimer's or Dementia. The study was done by giving patients with these two diseases ginkgo daily, using a typical dosage and monitored their progress against a control group for the length of the study. What they found was absolutely no improvement.

Ginkgo does however improve blood flow throughout the body, which while makes it a bleeding risk, can make it a good alternative for people with clotting problems or men with Erectile Dysfunction.

Many herbs such as Comfrey and Aloe vera that are commonly used to treat burns, scrapes, and other various skin problems should not be ingested as they can cause damage to the liver and are potentially toxic to the body. So it is best to use them only topically if possible.

Do not ingest Essential Oil, it is not meant to be taken internally and should stay for topical use or aromatherapy. Certain oils can even cause contact dermatitis, so it is important to do a skin test first, by applying a little bit to a small patch of skin and monitoring it for 24 hrs to see if any reaction arises. If so, do not use that essential oil. This is the same process that should be used for all herbal treatments, as there can always be an allergic reaction.

I am so strongly emphasizing safety, because no "Natural" or "Alternative" Treatment or cure is worth bad side effects or severe allergic reaction. Stay safe, especially when making your own preparations and administering them yourself.

~Lindsey Shemwell (The Budding Botanist)

Common Herbal Side Effects

On yesterdays note I feel like I should further point out that herbs by themselves also have risks. While they may not be as common as pharmaceuticals, which is the main purpose many turn to herbal medicine, they still have their own side effects and dangers that should be mentioned and noted while you are doing your own research before taking a particular herb.

The biggest point I cannot stress enough is to look into an herb before taking it yourself, or go ask a professional for help and advice on what herbs might be best for you. Read the news and get the scoop on the herbs that may have more or less research to back them up.

It is important to note that anyone can have an allergic reaction to any herb. So if you have allergic reactions to plants such as ragweed, you may not want to take herbs like Echinacea or Chamomile as these may excite an allergic reaction.

I have compiled a short list of just some herbs with side effects to look out for. I've tried to include more commonly used herbs:

Ginkgo - As mentioned before Ginkgo can increase the risk of bleeding, so it is not good to take before surgery, if you have problems with blood not clotting, or diabetes.

St. John's Wort - Along with it's many drug interactions it also can cause increased depression and anxiety in some people, as well as sensitivity to light, fatigue, dizziness, dry mouth, and confusion. So this might not be a good alternative for many people.

Comfrey - Comfrey is meant to be used topically, however it can be taken orally, when done so however, it increases the risk for liver damage, and some studies suggest even cancer.

Licorice - Licorice root is a very popular herb, used for a long list of medical problems, as well as a flavoring for candy, soda, and other sweets. However in large dosages or to even certain people it can cause seemingly just as many health problems, including arrhythmia and hypertension.

Aloe vera - Yes, even one of the most used herbs has side effects. Besides the possibility of contact dermatitis when used topically. It is believed to cause problems when taken internally and it is often not advised as it has the potential to cause abdominal pain, diarrhea, and it is believed to even have the potential to cause cancer.

Yohimbe - Often used for Impotence and Erectile dysfunction, it has a tendency to really get blood pumping. This is not always a good thing considering it has been suggested it causes rapid heart rate, hypertension and hypotension, various heart problems, and yes, even death.

Herbs can be dangerous if not taken properly which is why dosage is also very important. Many of these side effects are due to high dosages.

It is best to start out with the absolute smallest dosage and see how it works for you. If there is the potential for allergic reaction start with a very small amount, such as a single capsule, a small bit of ointment/cream on the skin and wait for 24 hours to make sure you don't have any kind of reaction. It might even be better to avoid herbs you can potentially have a reaction with altogether.

Just remember to be safe, use in increments in the beginning, and proper dosage is always important!

~Lindsey Shemwell (The Budding Botanist)

Medicinal Herbs and Drug Interactions

I'm going to talk today briefly about various drug interactions and what to think about before deciding what herbs are best to take. Like many pharmaceuticals, medicinal herbs also have interactions with other drugs.

The biggest two that seem to occur the most is interactions with anticoagulants or blood thinning drugs and diabetic medications. Many herbs tend to have affect these drugs by either making them not work properly, or increasing their effects (Which is not a good thing usually.)

There are also herbs that can make medications like contraceptives less effective, as well as increase the already known side effects of drugs such as the liver toxicity of acetaminophen. It is incredibly important to tell your doctor before you start using any kind of herbal supplement or medicine as it may effect the current medication you're on.

Here are just a few herbs that have drug interactions to watch out for when deciding what is best for you:

Black Cohosh - May increase the liver toxicity of medications such as acetaminophen, alcohol, and atorvastatin. These drugs are broken down by the liver and taking Black Cohosh while on these may allow them to build up in the liver causing liver problems. While this is more of a concern than an absolute fact, it's still better to be on the cautious side.

Cranberry - Taking Cranberry for a UTI is very common practice and the berries are full of vitamin C and other helpful constituents. It also can have an increasing effect on anticoagulants or blood thinners, causing increased bleeding risk.

Valerian - Valerian has been used to treat insomnia and anxiety and is considered a mild sedative. This can be very risky as Valerian alone has over 500 different drug interactions. It can worsen the sedative effects of other drugs and cause drowsiness, so do not take it without first consulting your doctor.

St. John's Wort - A common herb used to help treat depression, however it cannot be taken with any other form of anti-depressant. It has very negative effects when combined with SSRIs (Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor) like Prozac, TCA's (Tricyclic Antidepressants) like amoxapine, and MAO inhibitors (Monoamine oxidase inhibitors) like Zelapar. It can also affect anticoagulants like Warfarin, HIV medications, and birth control. It is believed that it make depression and anxiety worse with some anti depressants and can cause other drugs to be less effective.

Ginseng - Ginseng is often used as an herbal pick-me-up to help with mental alertness. While it is great at it's job, it can also cause problems with blood thinners and diabetic drugs such as insulin or oral hypoglycemics. It has a natural blood thinning effect which if mixed with a blood thinner could cause bruising or bleeding.

Ginkgo biloba - Ginkgo has been getting some pretty bad press as it was rather recently dis-proven to help improve the mental state of patients with Dementia and Alzheimer's disease. It takes another hit with some pretty severe drug interactions as it can make anti-viral drugs less effective, such as those used for HIV. It can also react with anti-seizure medication, blood thinners, diabetes drugs as well as around 400-500 other drugs.

Ginger - While there is not too many reports of Ginger having drug interactions, it is important to note that it does prolong bleeding and should not be used with any kind of anticoagulant or blood thinner such as Warfarin. Make sure to stop using Ginger at least 2 weeks before you are due for any kind of surgery.

Hopefully this brings some light to the dangers and importance of drug interactions. It is always important to contact your doctor, a practitioner, and pharmacist or do your own research to see if there are any drug interactions with the herbs you are taking.

It is also a good idea to ask a professional if you have prior health problems, such as increased bleeding risk, before using any kind of herbal supplement or medicine.

Stay safe!

~ Lindsey Shemwell (The Budding Botanist)

 

Dosages

Probably the most important part of preparing any herbal medicine is getting the proper dosage. Many herbs are unsafe at higher dosages or ineffective at too low a dosage.

While this is true it can be very difficult to find the proper dosage for various herbs, primarily because there just isn't enough research out there to tell the exact and proper dosage or standard. So while using ANY herbal remedy make sure to do your homework.

It is a good idea to choose an herb that has been well researched with the lowest possible side effects. Then to look at the dosage carefully and apply it.

Many herbs are most effective when taken as standardized extracts by certain percents or a particular constituent. This is not usually easy or even possible in a non-clinical setting, and in that instant I would buy from a manufacturer that is able to achieve those extract percentages rather than just making my own preparation as they will be the most effective.

Always do your homework before selecting an herb for a particular ailment or illness as it may cause other problems such as if you are allergic to ragweed, you could easily have an allergic reaction to Echinacea, a commonly used cold and flu fighter. It is easy for many herbs to cause contact dermatitis and for some preparation might not be their best option. It's not for everyone.

I have created a chart based on the dosages found from various internet sources and one of my favored books for herbal remedies.

Herbal Dosage of 129 Herbs

This include the plant parts used, dosages, and cautions to be aware of. It also give a basic rule of thumb dosage for common preparations at the top.

The best way of taking ANY herbal medicine or supplement is to take it in small increments, if you have any side effects stop using it immediately. If the reactions are severe contact your doctor.

If you are on any kind of medication or are pregnant or breastfeeding it is always very advisable to talk to a professional first, preferably your doctor, before taking any kind of alternative medicine.

While herbal medicine is thought to be safe, there are still side effects. Everyone's body is different and everyone will react differently. Herbal medicine is not for everyone and it's important to not push it if this is true. If it doesn't work for you or you have any sort of reaction do NOT continue taking that herb or supplement. STOP immediately.

Be safe about anything you put into your body.

~Lindsey Shemwell (The Budding Botanist)

Botany & Herbalism: Poisonous Plants

Taking a little bit of a break from from regular medicine we're moving on to a little bit of history as well as identifying a few of plants that should be avoided at all costs, some however have a long history of being used as medicinal plants. Although the latter may be true please do NOT use any of these plants in herbal medicine. There are always alternatives to these and their risks far outweigh their benefits.

So to begin I will start with some plants you may be a little more familiar with.

We'll start off with the Nightshades. Now there are more than one type of nightshade, the one commonly known as "Deadly Nightshade" is a particular type of nightshade originating in Europe. It's scientific name is Atropa belladonna, meaning "Beautiful lady". It was named this due to it's common use of being dropped into the eye and causing dilation, this was believed to be beautiful at the time. However, it is now regarded for being highly poisonous, and as it's name suggests, deadly.

Image: Cunningham's Encyclopedia of Magical Herbs

 This is the flower of true Atropa belladonna. Notice the bell-shaped purple flowers. It is often mistaken for it's North American cousin Woody or Bittersweet Nightshade (Solanum dulcamara), which has star shaped flowers. While both are very poisonous Atropa belladonna has the worst reputation and is believed to be more poisonous than many of it's other cousins.


Next we have the Hemlocks. Hemlock is unfortunately a little less known of the poisonous plants, however the main one I would like to talk about is Water Hemlock  or Cicuta maculata which is believed to be the most poisonous plant in North America. It closely resembles many other, non-poisonous plants and can be hard to identify, making it exceptionally dangerous. It generally grows in areas that receive lots of water, thus it's name, and can easily cause death if ingested or severe dermatitis if picked up.

Image by: vitaminsupplementingredients.com

Image by: spiritinthewind.com

It is important to look at the leaves CLOSELY as the little white flowers to the untrained eye could make the plant look a lot like Queen Anne's Lace.

Queen Anne's Lace Image by field-notebook.com

Queen Anne's Lace leaves Image by bio.brandeis.edu

The next one on our list is one I've actually seen quite frequently around Massachusetts since I've been up here, it's the Celandine. Greater Celandine or Chelidonium majus is one I see the most of, and after identifying it in my own yard and reading more about it, I soon discovered that not only is just the sap poisonous, but the plant if ingested and cause convulsions and paralysis. It was also once used as a medicinal herb.

Greater Celandine, Image by worldoffloweringplants.com

The common dermatitis bringing plants that most people are familiar with, Poison Ivy, Poison Oak, and Poison Sumac, are so often misidentified. I am frequently asked, "Is this Poison Ivy/Oak?" and I would like to show everyone the difference so they can tell for themselves. An easy way to remember is this simple rhyme:
“Leaves of three, let it be”
“Berries white, run in fright”
“Hairy vine, no friend of mine”

Poison Ivy, or Toxicodendron radicans is best identified as having serrated, pointed leaflets in sets of 3.

Image by: twineagles.org

Poison Oak or Toxicodendron diversilobum is identified as having 3 lobed leaflets that are rounded.

Image by scitoys.com

 Finally we have the lesser known, Poison Sumac or Toxicodendron vernix, this is best identified as having up to 13 leaflets and slightly red looking stems.

Image by nachi.org

Hopefully this covers the more common poisonous plants, so that you have a better idea of what to look for. As they say: "When in doubt, throw it out." which can go for a lot of things, including poisonous plants. Always make sure you "Throw it out" with thick gloves.

~Lindsey Shemwell (The Budding Botanist)

Herbal Preparations

I took the day off yesterday because I got a little behind, and I had been working on an extensive list of herbal preparations which can be viewed now on my "Herbal Preparations" page to the left. It describes the different types of preparations and what they do. It's still under construction as I need to add a few things to make it complete, but it is still very useful if you are thinking of making your own herbal preparations.

Herbal preparations are different ways of preparing medicinal herbs to be used a medicine. There are a large variety of ways to use herbs the two biggest ways of course being ingestion, which is usually orally, and topically, or applying to the skin.

Depending on the herb and the ailment or illness you can determine the best preparation to make.

For example, if someone has a cold or the flu, an ointment or cream might help skin irritation, or a eucalyptus rub might help chest congestion but you would generally want to treat a cold internally. The most common way of doing this would be as an Infusion, Decoction, or Maceration. All three of these are different ways of making what we commonly refer to as tea. Water steeped with herb material to bring out it's medicinal properties.

Typically a cream, balm, salve, or ointment would be used if you or the person you were treating had some sort of skin problem, such as a rash, allergic dermatitis, bug bites or stings, or minor burns. These can also be treated with Poultice and Compress, which are faster preparations, by applying the herb almost directly to the skin. You can also apply it directly if using Aloe vera, by cutting open a fleshy leaf and applying the inner gel directly to the affected area.

There are infused oils, typically used for skin ailments as well. Especially strong oils can be used for aroma therapy.

Capsules are of course a form of internal medicine, as well as suppositories, all can be rather easily made at home.

The biggest issue with any preparation is dosage, which I will talk  about later. Dosage is extremely important when dealing with any kind of drug or medicinal herb as one could just as easily under-dose with little to no effect or overdose to very ill effect. So before administering or creating your own herbal preparations I strongly advise finding a very reliable source for dosage information, and make sure you keep up on it. Dosages can change very quickly, especially as more and more research on herbs is being done, so make sure to look for articles or sources published rather recently for dosage information (Within the last 3 years if possible.)

~Lindsey Shemwell (The Budding Botanist)

Terminology -- When talking about Medicinal Herbs

There is a lot of terminology, I've been throwing out there when using herbs and I know it can be quite confusing to many who don't really understand what these terms are, so to start us off this week I will be explaining these different terms for you to better your understanding of what herbs actually do.

We'll start of with the simple ones, such as diuretic, which is term used to describe a substance that causes urination. The way it works is, that the kidneys have what are called "gates" where water is withheld to keep the body hydrated, this is usually a good thing, however, urination is one of the primary ways the body releases toxins produced within itself. Diuretics are mostly commonly used to help flush out toxins by "opening" those "gates" and allowing the water to pass through.

The next term is actually a set of two Antiseptic, and Antibacterial. While not exactly the same, one helps prevent infection, usually associate with the skin, the "septic" part represents sepsis, which is a life-threatening infection. Antibacterial (Also known as antibiotic), on the other hand can stop internal bacterial infection, everything from E. coli to streptococcus, as well as bacteria on the skin.

Another good term to know is Analgesic, which is another name for a pain killer, or pain reliever. The word analgesia, is the state of being relieved from pain.

Here are some more:

Diaphoretic - Causes increased sweating, useful for relieving the body of toxins through the sweat.
Anticatarrhal - Reduces or relives mucous or congestion
Adaptogen - Helps the body take on stress, and supports healthy function
Antioxidant - prevents the breakdown of tissues and stops "oxidation" meaning, it prevents cells from dying.
Anti-inflammatory - Stops inflammation and swelling, inflammation being tissue that has become irritated, on skin it often is accompanied by redness and "heat" to the area.
Antihemorrhagic - Reduces or stops bleeding
Antispasmodic - Relieves muscle cramps or reduces muscle tone, to prevent cramping
Astrigent - It tightens the mucous membranes of the skin, which can stop bleeding, and reduce secretions such as sebum or skin oil. Typically used on the face, neck and chest.
Laxative - The other side of the diuretic, this causes bowel movements.
Bitter - A term used primarily for herbs that aid in digestion, typically have a "bitter" taste.
Demulcent - Coats and soothes body surfaces such as mucous membranes, like those in the digestive tract.
Antirheumatic - Relieves rheumatic symptoms, pain, stiffness, inflammation, swelling, etc.
Aphrodisiac - Excites the libido, causes sexual arousal.
Antiemetic- Reduces or relieves nausea and sickness.
Autoimmune- When the immune system attacks the body because it believes there are foreign attackers.
Ayurveda -Traditional Indian and Sri Lankan medicine
Carminative- Relieves gas, bloating, and indigestion.
Depurative- A specific detoxifying agent.
Detoxification - The removal of toxins from the body
Emetic -  Causes vomitting
Stimulant - Increases activity in the body.
Sedative - Reduces activity, slowing down nerves. (Can help ease anxiety, as well as pain)
Relaxant - Relaxes the body.
Emollient - Softens or soothes the skin.
Expectorant - Stimulates coughing to remove phlegm from the throat
Antifungal - Relieves or prevents fungal infection.
Estrogenic - Has estrogen like effects on the body.
Antidepressant - Helps to ease or stop depressive or sad moods.
Antitumor - Prohibits or slows the growth of tumors.
Immune-enhancer - A substance that helps to boost the immune system
Styptic - A term referring to a substance that stops bleeding
-----
Aerial - The above-ground parts of the plant
Tuber - Swollen part of an underground stem (ex. Potato)
Rhizome - A horizontal, underground stem that puts out shoots to grow new plants, and roots to aid water uptake
Wild-crafting -  Gathering herb material from the wild.
Tincture - A form of herbal preparation where herb material is soaked in either alcohol or vinegar for a length of time before being strained and taken daily with a dropper.
Infusion -  Another name for making tea, by pouring boiling water over herb material.
Decoction - Similar to an infusion, however requires boiling the herbs in with the water over a heat source.Tonic- Has a restorative reaction within the body, restoring tissues or organs.

(More preparations will be mentioned on my preparation page.)

Hopefully this clears up a lot of the terminology commonly used in herbal medicine, there are many more, this was just to give you a base idea of what a lot of it means. There is a term for almost any kind of effect an herb or drug has on the human body. There are also many ways to prepare herbs to have these effects.

For example an herb such as one used for bug bites pr stings and skin irritation (Such as Broad-leafed Plantain) is best used made into a poultice, which requires crushing the fresh herb (Often times with a little bit of water) and applying it to the affected area.

We will discuss the different types of preparations on my next post a long with a page dedicated to making the different preparations.

~Lindsey Shemwell (The Budding Botanist)

Herbs to Know: Goldenseal

Common Name(s): Goldenseal
Scientific/Latin Name: Hydrastis canadensis

Place of Origin: North America

Commonly thought of: A Native American heal all.

Past Uses: Used by Native Americans for various health concerns such as skin diseases, ulcers, and gonorrhea. It was at one time used as a heal-all for infections, everything from eye to respiratory infections, as well as infectious diarrhea, even occasionally for treatment of cancer.

Active Constituents: berberine (For infections)

Medicinal uses: Used to treat various infections and prevent colds, though there is no scientific evidence to say it prevents colds or treats illness of any kind, it is still used religiously as an anti-bacterial to help treat eye infections, urinary infection, diarrhea, canker sores, and vaginitis. Sometimes used to boost the immune system and believed to have antiseptic properties and is often used to clean cuts and scrapes.

Usually used as: Teas, liquid or solid extract, tablets, or capsules

Growing/Wildcrafting: Highly endangered due to being over harvested because of high demand. If found in the wild (Native to Eastern North America) DO NOT HARVEST. In certain states it can land you a hefty fine. While difficult to find locally, you can purchase it online in the form of rhizomes. They can be fairly expensive because of the rarity of the plant and the time it takes to grow the plant to produce enough rhizomes. However rhizomes can be a much better choice to seeds as they are pre-established making them easier to grow.

Cautions: Safe for short term use by adults with very rare side effects including nausea and vomiting. There is very little information on using goldenseal long term and in high dosages, so proceed with caution if taking goldenseal long term or at higher dosage. Goldenseal should not be taken by pregnant or breastfeeding women, berberine, the active constituent is known to cause or worsen jaundice in newborns and could lead to a life threatening problem called kernicterus, caused by high dosages of Bilirubin (yellow pigment created as the body gets rid of old red blood cells) the Bilirubin can collect in the brain tissue and cause permanent brain damage, hearing loss, or even death. Therefore goldenseal should not be given to infants or young children.

Drug Interactions: Goldenseal interacts with a variety of different pharmaceuticals including blood thinners, Cyclosporine, Digoxin, Tetracycline, and various drugs such as those used in chemotherapy, some drugs that treat HIV, Viagra, Prozac, Allegra, and more.

Extra Notes: Some people believe that goldenseal will stop a positive test result on a drug test, however there is no proof of this to be true, and many studies have reported it being completely false.

How to make Preparations: Typically it is the underground part of the plant (Underground stem or root) that is dried to make preparations.

Sources:

"Goldenseal." NCCIH. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, Apr. 2012. Web. 23 June 2015. -- Website Link

Ehrlich, Steven D., NMD. "Goldenseal." University of Maryland Medical Center. University of Maryland, 17 Mar. 2013. Web. 23 June 2015.-- Website Link

This is also a good source of information for those of you putting together your Materia Medica (← Find out how to make your own on the side bar page titled "Materia Medica").

~Lindsey Shemwell (The Budding Botanist) 

Herbs to Know: Feverfew

Common Name(s): Feverfew, Bachelor’s Buttons, Featherfew
Scientific/Latin Name: Tanacetum parthenium

Place of Origin: Eastern Europe

Commonly thought of: As it's name suggests, for fevers.

Past Uses: Fevers, various aches (Stomach, tooth, head), insect bites, infertility, female problems (Menstruation, child birth)

Parts Used: The aerial (above ground parts) are commonly used. Typically the leaves and occasionally the flowers and stems are used dried to make capsules, tablets, and liquid extract. The leaves are sometimes eaten fresh.

Active Constituents: Contains an anti-inflammatory called Parthenolide, which is believed to also have anti-cancer properties. However after further study we are unsure what gives Feverfew it's medicinal properties.

Medicinal uses: Newer uses include migraine headaches, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, allergies, asthma, tinnitus, dizziness, vomiting, and nausea. While it has been used for these purposes, there is very little research to say just how effective feverfew is at treating these medical issues. There are some studies that suggest it can help relieve migraines, and some that say it can help with mild rheumatoid arthritis symptoms. While it was once used to treat fevers, it was found to not be very effective for that purpose.

Usually used as: Capsules, tablets, liquid extract

Dosage:
"Pediatric
Don’t give feverfew to children under 2.
For older children, ask your doctor whether feverfew is safe for your child. Your doctor will determine the right dose.
Adult
For migraine headaches: Studies have used 50 - 100 mg daily, standardized to contain 0.2 - 0.35% parthenolides. Feverfew may be used to prevent or stop a migraine headache. Feverfew supplements may also be carbon dioxide extracted. For these, one study used 6.25 mg, 3 times daily, for up to 16 weeks"
-University of Maryland Medical Center

Growing/Wildcrafting: It grows in North America, however it is more common to find it in Eastern Europe and is more commonly grown instead of wild crafted in the U.S.

Cautions: Taking feverfew one might experience, abdominal pain, indigestion, gas, diarrhea, nausea vomiting, and nervousness. People taking it fresh have reported mouth sores, loss of taste, swelling of the lips, tongue, and mouth. Like all herbs allergic reaction may occur, people with allergies to ragweed, chamomile, or yarrow should not take feverfew. Do not take feverfew if you are on blood-thinners as it may increase the risk of bleeding. Pregnant women or women who are nursing and children under the age of two should not take feverfew. While taking feverfew it is important that you do not stop taking it abruptly if you've already been taking it for more than a week. It can cause returning migraines, fatigue, muscle stiffness, anxiety, and joint pain.

Extra Notes:
"During the Middle Ages, people believed that feverfew can clean the air and protect against plague, malaria and bite of mad dogs."

"Fresh leaves and stem of feverfew are used as a source of light yellow-green pigment that can be used for the coloring of wool."
"Flowers of feverfew emit strong, pungent odor that repels bees. They can be used as insect repellent in the gardens."
"Feverfew is perennial plant that can survive more than 2 years in the wild"

 -Facts from Softschools.com --Website Link

Where to find Recipes:
"Feverfew Tincture

Ingredients:
Herbs, fresh or dried
Alcohol, vodka or Everclear
*DO NOT use rubbing alcohol*

Directions:
For fresh herbs, chop plant material (stems and leaves) and flowers.
Fill your jar.  For dried herbs, fill half of your jar.

Add enough alcohol to your jar to cover the herbs, plus another inch.  I prefer Everclear, especially for fresh herbs.  Cover with a lid.  Shake every other day.

Label your jar with date and ingredients.  Place in a cool, dark place for 4-6 weeks. Once your tincture is ready, strain through a coffee filter or cheesecloth into a dark (amber) jar.  If you do not have a dark jar, leave in a dark place."
-Back to the Basics -- Website Link 

How to make Preparations: Typical preparations use dried herb, either put in capsules, made into tablets, or made into liquid extract by either essential oil, or tincture.

Sources:
"Feverfew." NCCIH. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, Apr. 2012. Web. 23 June 2015. -- Website Link

Ehrlich, Steven D., NMD. "Feverfew." University of Maryland Medical Center. University of Maryland, 7 May 2013. Web. 23 June 2015.-- Website Link

This is also a good source of information for those of you putting together your Materia Medica (← Find out how to make your own on the side bar page titled "Materia Medica").

~Lindsey Shemwell (The Budding Botanist) 

Herbs to Know: Ginkgo

Common Name(s): Ginkgo
Scientific/Latin Name: Ginkgo biloba

Place of Origin: China

Commonly thought of: An herb to stimulate the brain or circulatory system

Past Uses: Ginkgo leaves at one time were used to help a number of illnesses including respiratory illnesses such as bronchitis and asthma, it was also used to help fatigue and tinnitus (ringing in the ears)

Active Constituents: flavonoids and terpenoids

Medicinal uses: It is often used today because it is believed is supports mental health and is believed to help alzheimers, however recent studies have all but disproved this completely, as many participants in the studies showed no change or improvement to their alzheimer's or dementia. However there are studies that show it can help with intermittent claudication, otherwise known as pain in the legs caused by narrowing arteries. It is also used to treat sexual dysfunction, multiple sclerosis, and other health problems.

Dosage: 
"Pediatric
Ginkgo should not be given to children.

Adult
It can take 4 - 6 weeks to see any effects from ginkgo. Ask your doctor to help you find the right dose.
Memory problems and Alzheimer's disease: Many studies have used 120 - 240 mg daily in divided doses, standardized to contain 24 - 32% flavone glycosides (flavonoids or heterosides) and 6 - 12% triterpene lactones (terpenoids).
Intermittent claudication: Studies have used 120 - 240 mg per day."
-University of Maryland Medical Center

Usually used as: Capsules, extract, tablets, and tea

Growing/Wildcrafting: While it can be grown in certain climates in North America, is primarily imported from China where it originated. Guide to Identifying, Harvesting, and Preparing Ginkgo

Cautions: May cause headaches, nausea, stomach upset, diarrhea, dizziness, and allergic skin reactions to those who have an allergy to the plant. There is some evidence to suggest it may heighten bleeding risk, so you should not take it before surgery (Up to two weeks before) or if you are on any kind of blood thinner. A study done on rats and mice showed an increase in tumors after being given ginkgo extract for around 2 years, there is no science to show what might happen to people when on Ginkgo for prolonged periods of time.

Extra Notes: It is sometimes used to reverse the sexual performance problems that can accompany taking certain antidepressants called SSRIs (Such as Prozac).

Where to find Recipes:
Ginkgo Tea -- Martha Stewart
Often times the nuts are harvested and eaten or used in recipes.

How to make Preparations: Leaves are primarily used in making ginkgo preparations. These can be used in a tincture or extract, and dried to be made into tea or put in capsules.

Sources:

"Ginkgo" NCCIH. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, June 2013. Web. 23 June 2015. --  Website Link

Ehrlich, Steven D., NMD. "Ginkgo biloba" University of Maryland Medical Center. University of Maryland, 13 Dec. 2010. Web. 23 June 2015.-- Website Link

"Ginkgo: MedlinePlus Supplements." U.S National Library of Medicine. U.S. National Library of Medicine, 22 Apr. 2015. Web. 23 June 2015. 


This is also a good source of information for those of you putting together your Materia Medica (← Find out how to make your own on the side bar page titled "Materia Medica").

~Lindsey Shemwell (The Budding Botanist) 

Herbs to Know: Ginseng

Common Name(s): Ginseng, Asian (Or Korean)Ginseng
Scientific/Latin Name: Panax ginseng

Place of Origin: Korea (Asia)

Commonly thought of: An energy booster

Past Uses: At one time used to improve the health of people recovering from illness, increasing stamina, improving mental and physical performance, erectile dysfunction, hepatitis C, symptoms related to menopause, and controlling blood pressure.

Medicinal uses: May lower blood glucose, used as an immune system booster against colds and flu, to improve heart health (Studies suggest it may improve symptoms of heart disease) it may also decrease bad LDL cholesterol levels and raise good HDL cholesterol. It is believed to lower blood glucose levels in people with type 2 diabetes (However the studies are not clear at it should only be taken under supervision of a doctor). Mental alertness and performance are two of the biggest uses for Ginseng as well as physical performance. Erectile dysfunction and fertility, menopause symptoms, and even cancer, as several studies suggest it may reduce the risk of certain cancers (liver, lung, pancreatic, stomach, and ovarian, however the studies weren't completely sure if it wasn't also a healthy diet that benefited towards the lower cancer risk.

Active Constituents: ginsenosides (or panaxosides)

Usually used as: The dried root used in teas, tablets, capsules, and extracts. Occasionally used topically as creams.

Growing/Wildcrafting: American Ginseng can be found in North America and it is possible to wild craft it. Asian Ginseng must be purchased or grown. Guide for growing Panax ginseng.

Cautions: 
"Asian ginseng may cause nervousness or sleeplessness, especially if taken at high doses or combined with caffeine. Other side effects are rare but may include:

• High blood pressure
• Insomnia
• Restlessness
• Anxiety
• Euphoria
• Diarrhea
• Vomiting
• Headache
• Nosebleed
• Breast pain
• Vaginal bleeding

To avoid hypoglycemia or low blood sugar, even in people without diabetes, take Asian ginseng with food.
People with high blood pressure should not take Asian ginseng products without their doctor's supervision. People with low blood pressure, as well as those who are sick, should use caution when taking it.
People with bipolar disorder should not take ginseng, because it may increase the risk of mania.
People with autoimmune disease, such as rheumatoid arthritis, lupus, or Crohn's disease, should ask their doctors before taking Asian ginseng. Theoretically, Asian ginseng may boost an already overactive immune system.
Pregnant or breastfeeding women should not take Asian ginseng. Asian ginseng may cause vaginal bleeding.
Women who have a history of breast cancer should not take ginseng.
Stop taking Asian ginseng at least 7 days prior to surgery. Asian ginseng may act as a blood thinner, increasing the risk of bleeding during or after a procedure."
-University of Maryland Medical Center

Drug Interactions:
"If you are currently taking any of the following medications, you should not use Asian ginseng without first talking to your health care provider:
~ACE inhibitors (blood pressure medications) -- Asian ginseng may interact with angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors used to lower high blood pressure. These medications include:

• Captopril (Capoten)
• Benazepril (Lotensin)
• Enalapril (Vasotec)
• Lisinopril (Prinivil, Zestril)
• Fosinopril (Monopril)
• Ramipril (Altace)
• Perindopril (Aceon)
• Quinapril (Accupril)
• Moexipril (Univasc)
• Trandolapril (Mavik)

~Calcium channel blockers (heart and blood pressure medications) -- Asian ginseng may make certain heart medications, including calcium channel blockers, work differently than intended. These medications include:

• Amlodipine (Norvasc)
• Diltiazem (Cardizem)
• Nifedipine (Procardia)

~Blood-thinners (anticoagulants and antiplatelets) -- Asian ginseng may increase the risk of bleeding, especially if you already take blood-thinners such as aspirin, warfarin (Coumadin), or clopidogrel (Plavix).
~Caffeine -- Ginseng may make the effect of caffeine stronger, possibly causing nervousness, sweating, insomnia, or irregular heartbeat.
~Diabetes medications, including insulin -- Ginseng may lower blood sugar levels, increasing the risk of hypoglycemia or low blood sugar.
~Drugs that suppress the immune system -- Asian ginseng may boost the immune system and may interact with drugs taken to treat an autoimmune disease or drugs taken after organ transplant.
~Stimulants -- Ginseng may increase the stimulant effect and side effects of some medications take for attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, including amphetamine and dextroamphetamine (Adderall) and methylphenidate (Concerta, Ritalin).
~MAOIs (monoamine oxidase inhibitors) -- Ginseng may increase the risk of mania when taken with MAOIs, a kind of antidepressant. There have been reports of interaction between ginseng and phenelzine (Nardil) causing headaches, tremors, and mania. MAOIs include:

• Isocarboxazid (Marplan)
• Phenelzine (Nardil)
• Tranylcypromine (Parnate)

~Morphine -- Asian ginseng may block the painkilling effects of morphine.
~Furosemide (Lasix) -- Some researchers think Asian ginseng may interfere with Lasix, a diuretic (water pill) that helps the body get rid of excess fluid.
~Other medications -- Asian ginseng may interact with medications that are broken down by the liver. To be safe, if you take any medications, ask your doctor before taking Asian ginseng."

-University of Maryland Medical Center

Extra Notes: There are two types of ginseng, Asian (Or Korean, known as Panax ginseng) and American (Known as Panax quinquefolius). There is also Siberian Ginseng which is not actually a ginseng and therefore does not have the same medicinal properties. It is believed that Asian Ginseng may raise blood glucose levels, and that American Ginseng lowers blood glucose levels. There are many studies but generally ginseng has not yet been confirmed to have the claimed medicinal qualities.

Where to find Recipes:
Ginseng Recipes -- Annie's Remedy 
Ginseng Root Tea -- eHow Youtube Video 
There are many recipes online that are non-herbal specific that include adding ginseng to vegetables, chicken, beef, or pork, which can still have the same health benefits depending on how it is cooked.

How to make Preparations:
Make tea by simmering dried root in water for 10-15 minutes. Tinctures made by chopping root (Dried or fresh) and covering with vodka or apple cider vinegar. Capsules made by buying the actual capsules (Vegetable or gelatin based) finely chopping dried materials and measuring each dose accordingly before placing into capsules. Extract made by using a carrier oil such as olive or grapeseed oil and covering the fresh or dried root in a jar, shaking daily for days or weeks, then straining and placing in colored bottle.

Sources:
"Asian Ginseng." NCCIH. National Center for Complementary and Integrative Health, Apr. 2012. Web. 23 June 2015. -- Website Link

Ehrlich, Steven D., NMD. "Asian Ginseng." University of Maryland Medical Center. University of Maryland, 27 Jan. 2011. Web. 23 June 2015.-- Website Link

This is also a good source of information for those of you putting together your Materia Medica (← Find out how to make your own on the side bar page titled "Materia Medica").

~Lindsey Shemwell (The Budding Botanist) 

Herbs to Know: Burdock

Common Name(s): Burdock, Common Burdock
Scientific/Latin Name: Arctium minus

Place of Origin: Europe & Northern Asia

Commonly thought of: As a weed or a vegetable

Parts Used: Burdock roots, young shoots, peeled stalks, and dried seeds

Past Uses: Traditionally used as a blood purifier, a diuretic, and a topical remedy for skin conditions such as eczema, acne, and psoriasis. Recorded to have been used to treat diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and AIDS. In chinese medicine often used for sore throats and colds.

Active Constituents: consists primarily of carbohydrates, volatile oils, plant sterols, tannins, and fatty oils; contains phenolic acids, quercetin and luteolin, powerful antioxidants.

Medicinal uses: Eaten as a vegetable in Japan, containing a natural dietary fiber. Used to improve digestion, contains prebiotics and antioxidant activity. Believed to have anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, and antibacterial effects. Commonly used as a diuretic.

Usually used as: Capsules, Dried Root, Tincture, Fluid Extract, Topically (On skin) or Tea

Dosages:
"Pediatric
There are no known scientific reports on the pediatric use of burdock, so you should only give burdock to children under the supervision of a doctor.
Adult

• Capsules: 1 - 2 g 3 times per day
• Dried root: steep 2 - 6 grams in 150 mL (2/3 of a cup) in boiling water for 10 - 15 minutes and then strain and drink 3 times a day; may soak a cloth in the liquid and, once cooled, wrap the cloth around affected skin area or wound (known as a poultice). Do not use on open wounds.
• Tincture (1:5): 30 - 60 drops, once daily. Typically, burdock is combined in tincture form with other herbs. The tincture may also be applied to a cloth and wrapped around affected skin area or wound.
• Fluid extract (1:1): 30 - 60 drops, 2 times a day
• Tea: 2 - 6 grams steeped in 500 mL water (about 2 cups), 3 times per day

Topical preparations of burdock are also used for skin problems (such as eczema) and wounds."
 - University of Maryland Medical Center


Growing/Wildcrafting: Not recommended to be wild crafted as the root resembles very closely to that of Deadly Nightshade, a very poisonous plant. It might be more advisable to get seeds or manufactured product from a respectable dealer.

Cautions: Should not be taken by pregnant women as it can cause damage to the fetus. If you are allergic to ragweed, chrysanthemums, or daisies you might have an allergic reaction to burdock including but not limited to dermatitis. Do not take if dehydrated as it can dehydrate you further. If buying burdock, make sure it is from a reputable dealer, as the root resembles that of poisonous plants such as a belladonna (Deadly Nightshade) and may be contaminated. It is not advised to collect burdock in the wild.

Drug Interactions: May lower blood sugar so not advisable to take with drugs for diabetes or any blood thinning drugs as it might slow blood clotting. Burdock has diuretic (increased urination) properties so it is not advised to take it with other diuretics (Water Pills).

Extra Notes: (Arctium) comes from the greek arktos meaning bear, which is an allusion to the roughness of the burs. 
"In general the plant is considered a noxious weed not only because of its ability to disperse by attaching itself to mammals and birds, but because of the problems it creates for livestock. The burs can be cause irritation if they cling to the eyes, throught, mouth, or the inside of the stomach. In some cases the seeds must be surgically removed." 
-- The Wild Classroom -- Website Link
Burdock seeds were Swiss inventor Georges de Mestral’s inspiration for Velcro.

Where to find Recipes:
Burdock Herbal Recipes -- Annie's Remedy
"Here is my recipe for Burdock Root Herbal Soup For Detoxification
Ingredients –
* 2 whole fresh Burdock Roots (each about 2 ft long as the ones found here are quite thin) – peeled, washed and cut into slices or chunks
* 1 cup dried Red Dates
* 1/2 cup dried Wolfberries
* 500 gm pork ribs, cut into 2-inch lengths
* 2 litres water

Method –
Bring all ingredients to a boil. Remove any scum that floats to the surface. Lower heat and simmer for 4 hours (6-8 hours if using a slow cooker). Season to taste with some salt and white pepper"
--Happy Home Maker88 -- Website Link 
38 Burdock Recipes -- Cookpad (Non Herbal) 
"Burdock Root Herbal Infusion
What you’ll need:

• A pint (16 oz.), sealable mason/preserving jar (preferably made of glass) 
• 1 ounce of cut & sifted Burdock root 
• Pot or electric water boiler to bring 16 fl. oz. of water to a boil

Instructions:

1. Place plant material into pint jar and pour 16. fl. oz. of boiling water into jar (make sure all plant material is submerged)
2. Give content a good stir, then cap and seal the jar
3. Allow plant material to infuse for at least 8 hours or overnight 
4. Strain off plant material and discard (compost if possible); the infusion is now ready for serving

Standard usage:
Drink 16 oz. (up to 32 oz., if desired) throughout the day. You can drink this nourishing infusion daily; this infusion should be consumed within 36 hours at most."
--Grapegate.com --Website Link

How to make Preparations:
"On the outside, burdock root features dark brown "bark like" color and has woody texture. Inside it features crunchy, milky-white fibrous flesh, which may turn gray upon exposure to air. To avoid this while cutting, drop burdock slices/pieces/julienne into lemon water to prevent oxidation.
To prepare; wash the entire length of the taproot thoroughly in cold water and scrape off outer skin using a paring knife. Burdock root is tough and should be tenderized before its use in cooking. To soften, cook the root in a boiling water with a single teaspoonful of baking soda added to a liter of water. Thus, the prepared root is then can be eaten as is, or added to salads, soups, etc"
-Nutrition and You

Sources:
Ehrlich, Steven D., NMD. "Burdock." University of Maryland Medical Center. University of Maryland Medical Center, 7 May 2013. Web. 19 June 2015.-- Website Link

Rudrappa, Umesh. "Burdock Root Nutrition Facts and Health Benefits." Nutrition And You.com. Nutrtion And You, n.d. Web. 19 June 2015.--Website Link

This is also a good source of information for those of you putting together your Materia Medica (← Find out how to make your own on the side bar page titled "Materia Medica").

~Lindsey Shemwell (The Budding Botanist)